Privatization Of Airports Essays - Airport, Free Essays, Term Papers

Privatization Of Airports Essays - Airport, Free Essays, Term Papers Privatization Of Airports For a long time Bergstrom Air Force Base was home to military pilots, planes, troop bearers and observation planes. It was the primary port of call for President Lyndon B. Johnson on his outings home to LBJ Country on board Air Force One, it was the place Chuck Yeager, the principal pilot to break the sound wall, when acquired a crippled fly to rest a crisis arrival. In September 1993, in the way of military reductions Bergstrom Air Force Base was shut. Be that as it may, the planning was accidental, in light of the fact that the conclusion came as the city of Austin, Texas was thinking about where to manufacture another air terminal. In 1993, the normal monetary misfortune to Austin from the Bergstrom conclusion was evaluated at $406 million per year and lost approximately 1000 positions. Be that as it may, with the chance of using the earlier Bergstrom Air Force Base as an air terminal the Austin economy was relied upon to have a chance to bounce back and even improve these outcomes from the base conclusion by privatizing the air terminal. The pattern worldwide toward air terminal privatization presents an energizing and dynamic open door for the flying open, governments, administrators and speculators. The general achievement of privatization of air terminals has been seen by the offer of long haul leases for three of the biggest air terminals in Australia for $2.6 billion. Following this achievement, the Government of Australia reported their arrangements to privatize fifteen additional air terminals. A few Latin American air terminals as of now are in private hands. Significant air terminals in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela are as of now concessioned or booked for privatization throughout the following two years. Littler air terminals in Central America and the Caribbean likewise are to be privatized. In Europe, a huge number air terminals have been privatized and openings are up and coming in Germany, Portugal and somewhere else. Governments in Southeast Asia, Africa, and the world over likewise are creating air terminal privatization plans. Why has this checked pattern risen and for what reason did the city of Austin decide to act in this limit? Governments as a rule don't have the monetary ability to put resources into air terminal development just as address different issues of their residents. They are perceiving that on one hand there are cutoff points to their own insight into, and aptitude, in overseeing air terminals; and, on the other, that such skill can be given by others the impact of decreasing costs, expanding incomes and improving administrations. A significant goal in numerous occurrences is to expand seriousness and upgrade capacity to draw in financial improvement by improving air terminal offices and acquiring extra air administration. The private segment progressively has come to see air terminals as an alluring speculation; air terminals serve a powerful development industrycommercial aviationand speak to basic framework with a close to imposing business model. Qualified private air terminal working organizations have emerged and others will develop, while effective open air terminal administrators are trying to grow to give air terminal administration servicesgenerally as a feature of more extensive speculator gatherings. Subsequently, generous quantities of air terminals will come to be worked by an overall system of air terminal administrators. These overall administrators will take part in solid rivalry with one another to be productive and offer predominant administrations, and consequently bolster the targets of the financial specialist bunches in which they take an interest. The city of Austin desires by privatizing were: h Accountability. Private contractual workers are paid for results. This gives them a steady spotlight on execution that can once in a while be continued in an open organization. In addition, private temporary workers work under the genuine chance that if their exhibition is discovered coming up short on, the agreement may end. This responsibility is moved legitimately to workers who must convey first rate execution to save their situation in a private association. h Performance-based Compensation. Similarly as private temporary workers are paid dependent on results, they can put together representative pay with respect to execution. Temporary workers can pay rewards for uncommon execution and give merit increments alone as opposed to life span based compensation increases. This evokes more prominent profitability and viability from staff. h Management Expertise. Temporary workers create skill to contend successfully. They recruit notable specialists and create the executives structures designed for consistent enhancements in execution. h Flexibility. Private temporary workers have the adaptability to react rapidly to changing project necessities or developing needs of associations. They can procure new innovation, get new hardware, revamp workplaces, and additionally modify staffing

Accounting Theory Expenses - Liabilities and Assets

Question: Talk about theAccounting Theoryfor Expenses, Liabilities and Assets. Answer: Presentation An applied structure is characterized as an assessment device containing different settings and varieties, driving towards the production of a uniform arrangement of measures and rules. Comparable to monetary bookkeeping, these norms and rules set the capacities, degree, and nature of money related revealing. All things obliged in the budget reports of salary, costs, liabilities, and resources are perceived based on the theoretical structure and it helps with evaluating current bookkeeping guidelines or growing new bookkeeping measures all in all (Graham Smart, 2012). Besides, according to the FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) of USA, a powerful calculated system for budgetary detailing is constantly required in a rule based norm. Besides, a few bookkeepers have contended upon the necessity of an effective calculated structure however examines have indicated that without an applied system, improvement of bookkeeping norms is impossible, in this manner driving towards undesi rable and inadequate results. Since bookkeeping gauges could be proficiently evolved in the commonness of a reasonable structure, it is away from the way that current principles would turn out to be either inadequate or complex when the applied system is absent. Additionally, in the corporate world, there are boundless exchanges that are dependent upon the multifaceted nature and if a calculated structure is successfully present, these exchanges can be effectively overseen (Parrino et. al, 2012). Besides, it is imperative to take note of that clients of monetary bookkeeping would turn out to be increasingly responsible to the standard on the grounds that theoretical system helps with advising the clients about the different rules that are set out in the norm (Melville, 2013). On an entire, creators can outline applicable standards with the help of a calculated system that will thus help in structuring the technique in a judicious way, accordingly supporting its solid prerequisite. Corresponding to money related bookkeeping, it is remarkable that since the standards in IASB and FASB are settled so as to encourage the best possible working of important bookkeeping principles, a reasonable structure that can fill both the needs of IASB and FASB is exceptionally noteworthy. In straightforward words, if a theoretical system can fulfill the motivations behind either IASB or FASB, such a structure won't work viably, in this way driving towards unseemly results. For example, assessment of liabilities and resources of an organization and from that point, proper revelation and show of the equivalent in budget reports. Subsequently, obviously a reasonable working of both IASB and FASB is required so as to make the applied structure increasingly valuable and successful regarding data and understandability. Another explanation with respect to why a typical rule is extremely valuable is that a superior extension can be built up over the long haul process. Besides, the reaso nable structure of IASB can without much of a stretch hold the future course of IFSB. For example, it is the prime duty of the AASB to consider the IFRS so as to consolidate the equivalent into the ASA (Accounting Standards of Australia). In this manner, the future game-plan of the ASA would then be able to be handily affected by the IASB. Consequently, so as to procure the best results, a structure that fills the needs of both IASB and FASB must be built up. Besides, it is the key obligation of a theoretical system to address the issues appropriately as opposed to making questions and complexities, since use of a structure that doesn't take into account the prerequisites of both IASB and FASB will make different disarrays (IASB, 2013). The benefits of a reasonable system involve advancements of a few ideas in a particular request that can make the budgetary announcing progressively powerful, intelligent, improvement of by and large correspondence, upgrade of the similarity of measures both broadly and all inclusive with the help of created consistency. Moreover, the clients of monetary bookkeeping can secure a few advantages from such interconnection in between budgetary bookkeeping and report (Seilber, 2015). This clarifies a reasonable system upgrades and improves the bookkeeping norms, in this manner making it increasingly conservative and simple for the clients. Moreover, the standards in IASB and FASB are entrenched and can be exceptionally gainful in application to circumstances where noteworthy bookkeeping gauges are missing. These standards can be additionally be applied to approaches where there is the commonness of irreconcilable circumstances yet the arrangements that are upheld by an effective reasonable system won't have any hindrances. In basic words, without a reasonable structure, vague rules and rules could encourage in making outer weights however an all around characterized calculated system can make the clients increasingly responsible to budgetary bookkeeping as they can procure the upsides of adaptability, in this manner making the methodology of detailing simpler (Tysiac, 2015). Subsequently, to finish up, a calculated structure productively contributes towards building open certainty by utilizing settled standards for the clients. It helps in making a superior effect and prompts a solid introduction. The issues or complexities that are pervasive in the money related detailing process are named as cross-cutting issues. Since there are a gigantic measure of exchanges, there may be different sorts of complexities when the fiscal reports of an organization are managed. So as to comprehend and survey various techniques for tending to these issues, the Board has proposed that the control of effect and changes in estimation in the fiscal summaries is profoundly required (Williams, 2012). Assurance of future costs should likewise be done in the time of choice of a bookkeeping strategy for money related revealing. Additionally, the premise of estimation is slanted towards portraying another substitute. At the end of the day, during the choice of a premise of estimation, these cross-slicing issues will in general emerge in the bookkeeping procedure (Northington, 2011). For example, during the time of examination of the benefits and liabilities of an organization, it gets risky to find out which premise must be selected, that is whether a solitary premise or a joined premise. In this manner, it must be noticed that appropriate arranging must be done if there is a pervasiveness of more than one premise of estimation in the bookkeeping procedure. Additionally, when the premise of estimation is chosen, such portrayal of changes should likewise be done in the salary proclamation of the organization so as to encourage similarity. Individuals of the bookkeeping scene are as of now mindful of the way that notable expense is considered as a GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principle) and it necessitates that each budget summary of an organization must be founded on unique expense. As such, chronicled cost is the expense or cost of a thing acquired by the organization and it is totally particular from the reasonable estimation of the market. Besides, according to resource securing, this recorded cost thought experiences different disadvantages driving towards reactions since this idea neglects to consider the present market estimation of the benefit. At the end of the day, the idea of authentic cost just gives due criticalness to the assignment of expenses while it fails to offer any significance to the estimation of advantages. Another motivation behind why this idea experiences different reactions is that offers clarification to the clients just about the deterioration and resource securing cost in the ensui ng years, accordingly neglecting to consider the benefits current market esteem that can shift from the offered recognition. Indeed, even according to the expansion time frame, this idea is exceptionally censured by numerous in light of the fact that it depends on a suspicion that the monetary standards are suitably adjusted, subsequently suggesting that the buying intensity of individuals is out of commission over the time. In any case, it is remarkable that in the time of swelling, the costs of benefits are exceptionally affected in light of the fact that any advantage bought for a specific period will in the long run become increasingly costly in the up and coming period. On an entire, it is plainly discernible that the verifiable cost idea just gives due criticalness to the benefits unique expense and from there on uses the equivalent all through the staying residency of the advantage. Subsequently, it tends to be said that the advantages depicted on the companys fiscal reports neglect to offer a valid and reasonable perspective on the companys monetary position on the grounds that these benefits comprise of an unfeasible estimation of fixed resources. This picture of records fundamentally gives due thought to the development of budget summaries of an organization. Fiscal summaries like the pay explanation of an organization must be founded on the arrangement of valuation as it helps with delineating the monetary reality that can't be portrayed by the arrangement of verifiable expense. They key philosophy to this thought is that the fiscal reports of an organization must be fit for uncovering its whole assets and hence, every single obligation and financial resources must be taken into due thought. The subsequent clarification is that the companys budget reports depict its current worth data and along these lines, it is essential that financial reality must be unmistakably delineated. Moreover, according to the current situation, this picture likewise helps with building up the arrangement of bookkeeping research, which means that delineation of monetary the truth is a crucial necessity considering the way that bookkeeping data obl iged in the budget summaries of an organization is dependent upon issues that are perceptible in this economy. Thusly, this can be viewed as an exceptionally noteworthy estimation rule in bookkeeping as it helps with offering extraordina

Guide to Writing an Argumentative Essay Topic

Guide to Writing an Argumentative Essay TopicThe easy answer to this question is; you decide, but in the absence of all of that, there are a number of considerations you should bear in mind before you start writing your essay. Let's be clear about one thing first: this is a 100 argumentative essay topic. You will be writing about a hundred subjects that range from abstract philosophical questions to concrete scientific facts. This means that your essay is likely to have a lot of noise and repetition, particularly if you write several essays on the same topic.One thing to keep in mind is that writing argumentative essay topics should not be an 'anything goes' approach. Your opinion and knowledge are certainly important and should not be discounted, but too much of it could prove frustrating for readers. This means that if you are unsure whether or not your essay contains any false or misleading statements or just plain incorrect information, you should rule out your writing and redo i t until you know for sure.Argumentative essay topics need to be written as clearly and forcefully as possible. Make sure that you clearly outline the major points of the essay, so that the reader understands what you mean and how to apply the topics in their lives. At the same time, you should provide examples of the type of situations that were discussed in the essay. People are not going to take to your essay if you're mumbling and bleating, trying to relate yourself into a catechism. They want a straightforward explanation and examples to follow and apply to their own lives.It can also help if you think of the essay topics that you write as taking on a life of their own. This may seem obvious, but it's a very effective way to approach writing. In other words, let the topics come to you instead of fighting them. You can see if they are relevant to your life, and if they are true or not, you can then use them to support or refute some aspect of your own beliefs.Once you've planned out the key points of your essay, go through them carefully and objectively. Don't exaggerate, oversell, or misrepresent any facts in the essay. Instead, simply discuss the issues with such honesty that it's hard to believe anyone would disagree with your opinion. You'll probably also find that you end up doing a lot of research yourself, and it's good to show that you have done your research before hand.The last thing to remember is that you should always be as concise as possible in your essay. If you must go on, you can always leave out the unnecessary details and get down to the point. Of course, if you do decide to use lengthy language, it should still be well thought out and presented, as long as you show an accurate picture of your own opinions and beliefs.Writing argumentative essay topics is not an easy task. But it can also be made much easier if you stick to a set of simple rules. The best way to do this is to plan out the essay before you begin writing it, and to conside r all your points and opinions prior to the start of the essay. Writing is often easier when you have already factored in all the information that you need.So, the next time you're considering a good argumentative essay topic, don't forget to consider these tips. You'll be pleasantly surprised by the amount of information you can gather by following the correct procedures and following a few simple rules. It's definitely worth the effort!

The Role Of The Poet And Life Poets Using A Narrator And...

In Alastor, Shelley critiques the role and life poets using a Narrator and ill-fated Poet. The Narrator speaks to the reader, describing the Poet’s journey, and evaluating the Poet’s decisions concerning his life. It can also be alleged that Alastor anticipated A Defence of Poetry’s intent in defining the role of the poet. Examining his prose closely, this will prove to be true and there will be a realistic definition of the role of the poet. The reader will realize the poet is one who binds the forces of the imagery and the senses into a beautiful wholeness of words along the page. Poets comprehend the cosmos in a way others yearn to and envision its grandeur. They are those who unify society with their sensational writing due to their experience exploring the world. It can be acquired by reading Alastor that to obtain this specific sight, one must submit to a lifetime of solitude. However, it also accentuates the point that one must not engulf themselves in sol itude, for it will become self-destructive. This brings the issue of the ambivalence of Alastor and how it defines the purpose, nevertheless, justly discover the perils of it. The reader is ultimately observing the poet through the Narrator, which some see as leading to lack of an objective view. This will be considered when examining Alastor and its ambivalence. The definition will not be strictly from the Narrator, but Shelley’s entire perspective. His writing is the epitome of romanticism and his definition of

Implementation Of Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives

Implementation of corporate social responsibility initiatives provides various benefits to organizations. These benefits outweigh the costs of such initiatives. Discuss Corporate social responsibility(CSR) isn t a new concern. CSR is usually a managing strategy where organizations integrate sociable and environment concerns into their enterprise surgical procedures and relationships with their stakeholders. The necessity for established social responsibilities in addition to ethical frameworks in business has become a key top priority within our existing modern society. This attitude is supported by the fact that the number of probably the most well-known global companies have been integrating corporate social responsibility (CSR)†¦show more content†¦Globally, government authorities are also moving towards the enforcement involving particular aspects of corporate social responsibility, especially in regards to the protection of the environment (Herman 2010). Inside the bus iness model of an enterprise, direct advantages of CSR activities usually are enhancements in the determination of employees and learning processes which often improve the skill level and efficiency of employees. Simultaneously, CSR tends to make a corporation more attractive and as a consequence attracts a large number of highly qualified applicants to that corporation. This particular raises the average skill level of employees. The work efficiency of the employees, improved communication, enhanced eco-friendly strategies and enhanced interaction with suppliers, the overall operational effectiveness boosts when CSR is implied to a certain business design. These positive direct internal effects subsequently result in fundamental cost savings such as recruitment costs, company s turnover , taxes and all other costs(Baines 2015). CSR brings benefits to all stakeholders associated with an organisation. Typically, it is very challenging to be able to generate monies benefits of CSR, as numerous advantages simply get visible and are therefore ultimately elicited by good improvements through CSR. This specific research will differentiate Implementation Of Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives Implementation of corporate social responsibility initiatives provides various benefits to organizations. These benefits outweigh the costs of such initiatives. Discuss Corporate social responsibility(CSR) isn t a new concern. CSR is usually a managing strategy where organizations integrate sociable and environment concerns into their enterprise surgical procedures and relationships with their stakeholders. The necessity for established social responsibilities in addition to ethical frameworks in business has become a key top priority within our existing modern society. This attitude is supported by the fact that the number of probably the most well-known global companies have been integrating corporate social responsibility (CSR) plans into their organization operations has never been greater. Various enterprises have been working on how social responsibility can bring benefits for business ? What aspects of CSR behavior are good for business ? what are costs related to such i nitiatives ? A variety of different arguments have been put forward about this issue. This essay will consider arguments for what reasons implementation of corporate social responsibility initiatives provides various benefits to organizations and these benefits outweigh the costs of such initiatives. Corporate social responsibility is a key issue for virtually any organization aiming for extended sustainability. Even though this can be a mainly voluntary concept, there is raising pressureShow MoreRelatedImplementation Of Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives1150 Words   |  5 Pages Implementation of corporate social responsibility initiatives provides various benefits to organizations. These benefits outweigh the costs of such initiatives. Discuss Corporate social responsibility(CSR) isn t a new concern. CSR is usually a managing strategy where organizations integrate sociable and environment concerns into their enterprise surgical procedures and relationships with their stakeholders. The necessity for established social responsibilities in addition to ethical frameworksRead MoreOrganizational Culture Through Csr Initiatives Are Tentree And Nike Essay1183 Words   |  5 Pages2016, p. 21). A company’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives can directly reflect organizational culture and the voluntary implementation of these beliefs, expectations and values. It demonstrates their organizational reputability, especially if society benefits from them operating in an economic, social and environmentally sustainable manner (Global Affairs Canada, 2016). Two companies that portray their organizational culture through CSR initiatives are Tentree and Nike. HoweverRead MoreEssay On Csr712 Words   |  3 Pagesidentify CSR simply with a social denotation and strongly agree with the idea that they are not charity organisations and as such should have no obligation to resolve problems in the society. Therefore, the social issues are the responsibility of governments and not organisations. Referring to a quotation by (Solomon 1993) â€Å"there is a contradiction between an endogenous ability to profit and the company’s distribution to society†. It is worth noting that CSR implementation and activities come withRead MoreCsr : Corporate Social Responsibility1507 Words   |  7 PagesThe concept of CSR (corporate social responsibility), has been around for many years, it has continued to grow in significance and importance. Moreover, there has been a public debate and commentary on the same subject. For instance, (International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility) argues that CSR has had social-political influence i.e. the political regime, culture and legal systems of many countries around the globe. More companies around the globe in are engaging themselves in CSR activitiesRead MoreThe Truth About Corporate Social Responsibility1111 Words   |  5 PagesTHE TRUTH ABOUT CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: CASE STUDY Introduction Corporate social res ponsibility has been one of the strategies that has been adopted by various corporations across the global business arena. The concept of corporate social responsibility came about because of the increased pressure of the businesses to have concern and discipline over the organizational stakeholders. Many businesses have successfully achieved their goals by embracing these practices and have influenced manyRead MoreSocial Marketing1409 Words   |  6 Pageswill never compare to the reach and the resources that governments hold. Additionally when deep and radical solutions are required, governments are the most capable institution to face such situation (Trebeck, 2008). 3.4 Developing Corporate Social Responsibility The adaptation and execution process for companies willing to incorporate CSR into their regular practices may be found to be rather complicated and investment demanding. As Henderson (2001) highlights: ‘CSR involves the adoptionRead MoreCorporations Measured Success By Financial Means Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pagesundermines the global impact companies can have on society. With the evolution of business into a global market, society requires corporations to emphasize social welfare beyond simple philanthropic contributions. A new initiative called Corporate Social Responsibility blends philanthropy, social initiatives, corporate responsibility, and corporate policy for the overall benefits to various facets of society, including but not limited to investors, employees, and local communities. The traditionalRead MoreImplementation of Corporate Social Responsibility Programs by Foreign Subsidiaries716 Words   |  3 PagesForeign subsidiaries need to start with a well-planned and defined strategic plan if they are to succeed with their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs, taking into account value creation, risk management and corporate philanthropy as part of their strategic vision for the programs. These three elements are essential for creating a solid foundation to define CSR-based initiative, strategies and programs on. The most effective CSR programs implemented by foreign subsidiaries in the United StatesRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : A Comparative Study Of Sbi And Icici Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility: A Comparative Study of SBI and ICICI in India Ms. AnkitaPatel1 1Research scholar, Business Studies Dept., Sardar Patel University AdhyapakSahayak, Anand Law College, Anand-388001, Gujarat, India. Email – 2007ankitapatel@gmail.com Abstract: At present Banking sector plays a significant role in the development of the nation, not only as a pillar of the financial system of the nation but also by contributing toward the society. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)Read MoreThe Modern Era Of Social Responsibility1523 Words   |  7 Pagesimplement. Through effort and diligence, corporate and organizational leaders can responsibly serve the global community in which they provide goods and services. Corporate social responsibility, otherwise known as CSR, has been a topic of interest for centuries. However, the modern era of social responsibility didn’t begin until the 1950s when Howerd R. Bowen (often attributed as the Father of Corporate Social Responsibility) published Social Responsibilities of the Businessman in 1953. Here he presented

Music and Memory The Impression of the Soul - 1985 Words

Franz Liszt once said Music embodies feeling without forcing it to contend and combine with thought, as it is forced in most arts and especially in the art of words. If music has one advantage over the other media through which a person can represent the impressions of the soul, it owes this to its supreme capacity to make each inner impulse audible without the assistance of reason. Reason, after all, is restricted in the diversity of its means and is capable only of confirming or describing our affections, not of communicating them directly in their full intensity. To accomplish this even approximately, reason must search for images and comparisons. Music, on the other hand, presents at once the intensity and the expression of feeling. It is the embodied and intelligible essence of feeling, capable of being apprehended by our senses. It permeates them like a dart, like a ray, like a mist, like a spirit, and fills our soul. Music has been passed down from generation to generat ion to show an audience beauty and associate with their emotions. My violin teacher Brunilda Myftaraj once stated that I could play violin all day without ending and I would feel empty, she advised that unless I connect with my audience than the music I’m playing has no exquisiteness and means nothing to no-one. My teacher said a respectable performance is one in which the audience is drawn into the beauty of the playing and adores the music so much that they effortlessly remember the musicShow MoreRelatedHow School Is An Environment That Has Great Powers903 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing plant and for the soul of the child.† Carl Jung Strolling down memory lane, back to school experiences as a child, many different memories come flooding back; some positive ones, and some not as enjoyable. School is an environment that has great powers. It has the power to influence and shape us, no matter what grade level. Teachers need to realize the great responsibility they carry, for without them even knowing, they can make everlasting marks and impressions on their students, both positivelyRead MoreRumours, by Fleetwood Mac Essay693 Words   |  3 Pagesto appreciate music. As I entered my mid-20s, I had acquired a passion for music of the 1970s and fell in love with the Eagles, Rush, Led Zeppelin, but most importantly, Fleetwood Mac. Their music had become a part of me. It had developed into my personal therapeutic outlet and helped to keep me sane during any emotional upheaval that I might have been experiencing. It was then that I realized that the passionate, heartfelt music of Fleetwood Mac captured the very being of my soul and I became entrancedRead More Music and Poetry1695 Words   |  7 PagesMusic and Poetry The poetry of William Wordsworth initiated the Romantic Era by emphasizing emotion, intuition, and pleasure rather than form and affectation. His poems set the stage for John Keats, a central figure in early 19th century Romanticism. The fundamental themes in the works of both poets include: the beauty of nature; the consanguinity of dreams/visions and reality and yet the tendency of dreams to mask reality; the intense emotions brought about by beauty and/or suffering; andRead MoreThe Rachel Hillman Band Concert Essay1168 Words   |  5 PagesConcert As discussed throughout this course music is a bridge that brings people together. As I sat through this concert I looked around and noticed that there was a great mixture of cultures and races attending despite the small attendance for the event. Socially I noticed that people were conversing and laughing with one another. Parents were engaging and being attentive to their young children as they ran around on skates and scooters. It made an impression on me that it was a time that for many peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of Alan Ginsberg s Howl 1343 Words   |  6 Pagesthem on a fixed base. In this part of the poem, the fixed base is the word â€Å"who.† The ability to play with the length of the lines, whether long or short helps Ginsberg to provide his characterizations. Some of the long lines function to provide an impression of a single evening composed of disjointed moments, much as they might be experienced when the individual speaker is high on drugs and remembering only sm all moments of time through the evening: who sang out of their windows in despair, fell outRead More Rent: The Musical Essay880 Words   |  4 PagesRent. To most people it is associated with an apartment, house, or another object. This word rarely conjures pleasant memories, but more often annoyance and stress. However, when someone mentions rent to me, my mind races to some of the most memorable experiences in my life. When I hear the word Rent, I immediately see an eclectic Broadway production, overflowing with talent, adventure, and magic. I picture scantly clad actresses, strutting across the stage. I envision stunning duets andRead MoreThe Neural Epidural Junction Is Where The Psychological, Physiological And Somatic Systems Intersect931 Words   |  4 Pagesgrouping of three large and small figureheads, and an umbrella-like sky (the visor). These figureheads enable viewers to sieve their thoughts and feelings as I do. Specifically, sharing the mental anxiety through shock encounters (concrete figurehead); memories of the Holocaust and traumatic circumstances. Also, the physiological response captured in an array of colors (glass figurehead) which, convey emotional responses. In addition, even though, I am a down-to-earth person, the third figurehead communicatesRead MoreEssay on The Dead1219 Words   |  5 Pageshis soul and the dead. Some people died, but they are still alive because they have true love. Some people are alive, but they are still dead because they never love.I like the story for three reasons. First, the of content Gabriels speech at the party impressed me a lot. James Joyce, who is a genius writer, is like all other Irish writers, he loveshis land and people very much. Gabriel is the substitute of his own. â€Å"He ran over the headings of his speech: Irish hospitality, sad memories, theRead MoreThe Legend Of Sleepy Hollow And Rip Van Winkle1576 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribes music produced from an organ. He writes, Suddenly, the notes of the deep labouring organ burst upon the ear, falling with doubled and redoubled intensity, and rolling, as it were, huge billows of sound†¦ Again, the pealing organ heaves its thrilling thunders, compressing air into music, and rolling it forth upon the soul. What long--drawn cadences! What solemn sweeping concords!. . . And now it is winding up in full jubilee--it is rising from the earth to heaven--the very soul seems raptRead MoreThe Stimulus Of The Words970 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Jabberwocky† the stimulus of the words in context activates thought and the ability to recognize known structures in memory. The context and the placement of the words in sentences allow us to make assumptions about grammatical structure. We determine how a particular word functions in that sentence, i.e., an adjective, verb, adverb, etc. And the words’ placement within the sentence helps to reveal meaning. (â€Å"Sukar Ray†) Lewis Carroll makes up words that tell a story, when strewn together

Arthur Miller wrote the play Essay Example For Students

Arthur Miller wrote the play Essay At the beginning of this extract Miller has the court set out and ready to spring a dramatic effect as he has the basis for it already set up with the accusations of Mary Warren that Abigail and the girls are feigning spirits in order to carry out slander campaigns led by jealousy and envy towards the accused. Danforth begins the extract in the most powerful position in the courtroom; he is in control and he is asking the questions with little interruption from others residing in the court. Miller cleverly rotates this position of power full circle around the room during this extract as the power shifts onto Abigail when she diverts the courts attention from herself onto Mary Warren by claiming that she is sending her spirit onto her and the girls then over to Proctor when he accuses Abigail of leading a whores vengeance after admitting to the crime of lechery. The power of the room ultimately falls into the hands of Elizabeth when she is asked if whether to her knowledge John was an adulterer. After her denial of this the power shifts all the way back round to Danforth and his accusations of Proctors lying and attempted contempt of the court, completing a full circle. This is a very clever dramatic effect which Miller also uses throughout the play in different scenes such as the scene of Elizabeths arrest in the Proctor household where the power shifts between her, John Proctor and Reverend Hale. The language inside the courthouse changes almost with every different characters involvement in the scene. Danforth being in the highest position judging over the case is keen to keep the language in a formal tone throughout the proceeding, mainly speaking to ask questions of and to the accuser or accused. Parris however is constantly interrupting Danforths speech in order to make accusations or comment which put pressure on Proctor or Mary Warren, for example when he asks Mary Warren to faint in front of the court to prove that she was faking the spirits in court previously; Now there are no spirits attacking her, for none in this room is accused of witchcraft. So let her turn herself cold now, let her pretend she is attacked now, let her faint. Faint This immediately puts unnecessary pressure on Mary Warren to please the court, something that she is unable to do. Mary Warrens language is very simple and short. She does not want to be involved in this affair and it seems she is not willing to partake in these games that Parris and Danforth are giving her the central role in, because she is terrified and bewildered at the whole ordeal which has put her under enormous pressure to say the correct things in order to save herself and Proctor, we can link this to the McCarthyism of the 1950s, the basis of which Arthur Miller wrote the play, The Crucible and how vulnerable those people who were accused of communism were and that McCarthy and other members of HUAC could play on this vulnerability in order for them to name others who they expected to be communists.

Industrial and French Revolutions

The industrial revolution was a period during which innovations occurred resulting in numerous changes in the world. The lives of both the rich and the poor were impacted in different ways. The French revolution on the other hand was a significant historical event because of its radical nature.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial and French Revolutions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Both the industrial and French revolutions are related that they were agitations against certain things that people did not want. In both revolutions, some groups of people benefited while other groups lost. In addition, people from the middle classes were the greatest beneficiaries while peasants and the poor were the losers in the revolutions. This paper will focus on the losers and beneficiaries of the two revolutions. The bourgeoisie were the people who benefited most from the French Revolution. They were the only educate d group of people who were responsible for most of the actions during the revolution. The kings were only interested in preserving the old traditions without considering the capabilities of the peasants. People from the third estate had information about the suffering of the serfs due to the heavy taxes that they were forced to pay. In addition, they knew they had the ability of seizing the power held by the serfs because of their large numbers. Being in possession of more powers than any other group of people during the revolution, the bourgeoisie took control of France. They promised to end the plight of the suffering poor people by enabling them achieve high status. The other groups of people could not raise their voices against them since they were the majority. The elimination of taxes seemed a reprieve to the peasants but the bourgeoisie still remained powerful. They were able to form the National Assembly, new constitution and took general control over all the other groups. A s a result, they gained a lot of power and eliminated the taxes they were supposed to pay making them the greatest beneficiaries during the French revolution (Sherman and Salisbury 548). This first group of losers during the French Revolution was individuals who worked in the agriculture sector and other informal sectors. They were paid poor salaries forcing them to move into big cities in search of better lives. Women and children particularly suffered a lot due to changes occasioned by the revolution.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Women were also losers in the sense that they were expected to exhibit subservience to their husbands in all areas including inheritance and marriage contracts. Noble women were denied the chance to make decisions on disputes surrounding their property. They also did not have economic rights since they were seen as unproductive people. Apart from women and children, peasants were also losers during the revolution. Despite the fact that the economy was improving through industries, they remained neglected. The peasants worked hard but they could not afford their own land since they were under the control of seigneurs. In addition, they were expected to pay heavy taxes to the government. This made peasants losers during the French revolution (Sherman and Salisbury 554). The middle class which consisted of few members benefited the most during the industrial revolution. Some of the groups that emerged from the middle class included the industrial entrepreneurs and other groups of people who owned factories. These people earned huge profits during the revolution and became very rich. For example, bankers, shopkeepers and other professionals were able to make huge profits like the ones made by investors in commercial and industrial ventures. However, not all investments resulted in the anticipated profits since some of the loans were not repaid. Despite the few cases of loss that were recorded, the middle class generally benefited a lot from the revolution. Their increased wealth improved their political influence, prestige and also cultural power. A Scottish philosopher known as James Mill concurred that the most influential people during the French revolution came from the middle class. The middle class was characterized by modesty and decent clothing and with time, they displaced the system of aristocracy which adhered to strict traditions. The living conditions of the middle class people were also desirable since they lived in lower-floor apartments located in the most prestigious places in the town towns. Moreover, they had the ability to employ servants and had access to electricity (Sherman and Salisbury 560). Women were considered the greatest losers during the industrial revolution. There were strict marriage rules that constantly reminded women that they were supposed to take part in domestic affairs only. They were meant to understand that their main role was to take care of their husbands and their homes in general.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial and French Revolutions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Women were also losers in the sense that during the industrial revolution, they were denied a chance to take part in politics. They were completely barred from participating in politics since their participation in politics would make them agitators of women rights. In addition, they were not given a chance to do any payable work outside their homes because this was considered inappropriate. Married women were only given a chance to participate in activities that were domestic oriented. This made women great losers during the industrial revolution (Sherman and Salisbury 571). Works Cited Sherman, Dennis and Joyce Salisbury. The West in the World: From 1600. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001.Print This essay on Industrial and French Revolutions was written and submitted by user Ernesto Zimmerman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Vagina Monologues

The Vagina Monologues The docudrama The Vagina Monologues paints a vivid picture of the female circumstance and how woman have been oppressed to the point that they themselves have accepted the status’ attributed to them. The play’s theme is women’s struggles and victories within their culture. The monologues shed light on what is a taboo subject in our society; women in their entirety. This does not refer to just sexuality, but to every aspect of them as individuals. The monologue entitled â€Å" Hair† introduces a character that struggles with the idea of changing herself to make someone else happy. This character was experimenting with the social roles set up for women, the ideology that women must please their man even if it means changing herself. This monologue depicts a woman following social norms until she realizes that they are wrong. She is more of an independent thinker than some of the others. She gives into norms, but realizes the truth that she should not change to please others. The monologue entitled â€Å"The Flood† introduces an elderly women and her experience with her sexuality. This character seemed childlike and full of defenses; you can feel the layers of years in which she has buried herself. During the monologue you slowly start to see the layers melt away. She is one of the most moving characters in the play. Although she speaks about her past seemingly unhurt, with a few comic interludes here and there, you can feel her pain. She has wasted years of her life because of someone else imposing their views onto her. The monologue entitled â€Å"My Angry Vagina† The character here speaks decisively about what she needs and hates. This character is fed up with the way she and her vagina are treated. She is more of a realist type of person. She seems to be educated and aware of her surroundings. She knows the ideologies from the feminist perspective and acknowledges the patriarchal culture, but is no... Free Essays on Vagina Monologues Free Essays on Vagina Monologues The Vagina Monologues The docudrama The Vagina Monologues paints a vivid picture of the female circumstance and how woman have been oppressed to the point that they themselves have accepted the status’ attributed to them. The play’s theme is women’s struggles and victories within their culture. The monologues shed light on what is a taboo subject in our society; women in their entirety. This does not refer to just sexuality, but to every aspect of them as individuals. The monologue entitled â€Å" Hair† introduces a character that struggles with the idea of changing herself to make someone else happy. This character was experimenting with the social roles set up for women, the ideology that women must please their man even if it means changing herself. This monologue depicts a woman following social norms until she realizes that they are wrong. She is more of an independent thinker than some of the others. She gives into norms, but realizes the truth that she should not change to please others. The monologue entitled â€Å"The Flood† introduces an elderly women and her experience with her sexuality. This character seemed childlike and full of defenses; you can feel the layers of years in which she has buried herself. During the monologue you slowly start to see the layers melt away. She is one of the most moving characters in the play. Although she speaks about her past seemingly unhurt, with a few comic interludes here and there, you can feel her pain. She has wasted years of her life because of someone else imposing their views onto her. The monologue entitled â€Å"My Angry Vagina† The character here speaks decisively about what she needs and hates. This character is fed up with the way she and her vagina are treated. She is more of a realist type of person. She seems to be educated and aware of her surroundings. She knows the ideologies from the feminist perspective and acknowledges the patriarchal culture, but is no...

Ronald Wilson Reagan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ronald Wilson Reagan - Research Paper Example Personal Life: Ronald Reagan, the son of John Reagan, was born on February 6, 1911 and died on June 5, 2004. In his young years he used to live with his family in Tampico, but a few years later they went to live in Chicago. Initially his father was the supporter of Ku Klux Klan, the political group of America, but when he went through financial crises he turned against political parties and started negotiating against them . This situation created more problems for him and his family. As a result, both son and father became obsessive followers of Democratic Party headed by Franklin D. Roosevelt. Ronald was sent to Doral Senior High school in Dixon. He was a brilliant student and secured good position in class. He was interested in studying economics and sociology. Apart from studies he was highly interested in sports, especially in swimming and football. He also gained sports scholarship because of his outstanding performance in annual football match at Eureka College. After completing studies at high schools, he got job at the Davenport radio station as a sports commentator . A few years later he joined another radio station in Des Moines, where he gained fame and became one of the most famous sports announcer of the state. He got chance to work in Hollywood movies as well and he appeared as a leading actor in many hit movies. The famous movies in which he performed include Hollywood Hotel, An Angel from Texas, the Santa Fe Trial, the Voice of the Turtle and many others. He worked in movies not just to make money or for entertainment. When the Second World War started he ma de such training films for captains and other army men that help them defense the country3. Meanwhile, during the making of the movie Brother Rat he met the Hollywood actress Jane Wyman and they get married in 1940, but after eight years of marriage she left him because of Ronald`s involvement in the war. They had two children, Maureen Elizabeth and Michael Edward. When the parents were separated the mother got custody of both the kids. In 1947 Ronald was elected the leader of Screen Actor Guild. During his occupation of the post of a leader of the Screen Actors Guild in 1951, Nancy Davis, another beautiful actress of Hollywood, tried to approach him. Finally, they got married in a small church on March 4, 1952. They were blessed with two children, Patricia Ann in October 1952 and Ronald Prescott in May 1958. Governor of California: Before World War he remained passionate supporter of Democratic party, but later he changed his affiliation and joined Dwight Eisenhower`s Republican Pa rty. Soon he became a prominent member of the national political party. With the help of smear campaign, he won an easy victory and was selected as a governor of California4. After being announced a governor he worked with dedication, specifically for students, and gained fame in no time. Michael K. Deaver, another important political figure, took responsibility of scrutinizing Reagan`s presidential campaign. The main problem was that Reagan was sixty-eight years old by the time present government considered him as a suitable candidate for becoming the next president of America. His

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Case Study Example The inputs are the tourists and passengers as well as the supplies such as the foods. The inputs are the personnel in different departments and the supplies such as the foods and beverages. The resources include the cruise ships, personnel while the output is the different services offered to the customers. This process is summarized in Figure 1 below. The location of CII affects several aspects of the firm. The location of the firm will affect the firm’s future expansion plan and policy, the diversification plan as well as the supply of raw materials. The decision to locate the headquarters at Miami which is one of the cities with the highest number of embankments in the United States brought the services closer to the customers. It is responsible for ensuring that the main propulsion plant and its auxiliaries are operated in a safe, smooth and efficient manner. The Chief engineer is responsible for to overseeing the overall operations of the engine department. The department is tasked with the responsibility of commanding and navigating the cruise ship. The highest officer in the department is called the Captain and is the staff who is ultimately responsible for the smooth navigation of the ship but can delegate the work to other members of staff. Production of high quality and appealing meals to the cruising passengers in the ship as well as the staff is tasked to the catering department. The department also employs waiters beakers, food and beverage managers as well as store keepers. CII is committed to provide high quality services to their customers, be it guests or travel agents. It is done by timely and accurate processing of all travel bookings with the highest respect and courtesy. The other aspects of the mission statement are the relationship with suppliers and the employees of the company. The company acknowledges the importance of the suppliers and distributors as well as their right to make a fair

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Ernest Hemingway probably summed it up best when he said, All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn (source). We’re dealing with quite a book here. Published in 1885, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain’s follow-up to the Adventures of Tom Sawyer, carved new territory into the American literary landscape in several ways. As one of the first novels to use a specific region’s vernacular in its narration, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn set a precedent for many other distinctly American works to follow. Some readers didn’t exactly get this new colloquial style, however. Accustomed to the proper prose of Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Emerson, some readers didn’t know what to do with Huck’s particular way of storytelling. Aside from the novel’s new style of writing, Twain’s decision to use thirteen-year-old Huck as the narrator allowed him to include certain content that a more civilized narrator probably would have left out. At first, Twain’s novel was labeled crass by some readers. The book was even banned in schools for its use of the n-word which is ironic, given that the novel is up in arms over slavery. Even today, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn makes Banned Books lists. Look more:Â  social satire essay Twain’s novel jumped head first into one of the biggest issues of its day: racism. Although the Emancipation Proclamation had been signed over two decades before Huckleberry Finn’s original publication date, African-Americans everywhere were still victims of oppression and racism. They were technically free, but often by name only in Reconstruction-era America. Many southerners were bitter about the outcome of the Civil War. By guiding his characters through several states of the Confederacy, Twain was able to reveal the hypocrisy of many pre-war southern communities. As a southerner himself, Twain had first-hand experiences to draw on, and he was able to walk the fine line between realistic depiction and ironic farce. Not to mention, Twain created the now-iconic character of Jim, a runaway slave who convinces Huck that African-Americans are deserving of freedom, and that equality is a goal for which we all should be fighting. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is now considered to be one of the Great American Novels, mostly due to how it so heartily champions the American ideals of freedom, independence, and rugged individualism. Huck’s dedication to his own moral standards and his bold sense of adventure and self-sufficiency have earned him a place in the All-American Hall of Fame. In addition, Twain is a hilarious storyteller, and the plot of this novel is a roller-coaster ride of moral dilemmas – so trust us when we say that if you haven’t taken the ride yet, you probably should. Why Should I Care? Mark Twain wrote Adventures of Huckleberry Finn twenty years after the American Civil War. Slavery had been abolished, and the North and South were making up (albeit with some residual anger). So why publish a highly moralistic tale about a system that was no longer in place? Weren’t race issues a moot point once slavery was out of the picture? Hardly. Freedom didn’t mean equality by any means – not legally, socially, or practically. (See Shmoop Historys Jim Crow in America for more.) Actually, come to think of it, this isn’t an outdated notion at all. Rules and laws often don’t accurately reflect what’s really going on. From a legal standpoint today, we have equality of race; yet racism is still a problem. Men and women are equal, yet many still see a glass ceiling for women in the workplace, meaning they often have invisible boundaries to advancement. That doesn’t mean laws are useless. Laws may not immediately effect change, but we’ve seen that they do precede change. While laws can affect how people act, it takes more to change the way we think. We can’t rely on laws alone. That’s where The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn comes back into the picture. We need people like Mark Twain to remind us not to be self-congratulatory for starting a process in motion, but instead to realize that greater change is always necessary.

Essay --

Introduction The Hedge fund industry is surrounded by many debate and controversy. Lack of excessive returns, unclear impact, oversight on the market are all subjects of concerns for the public and market participants. The hedge fund industry worries small investors and financial professional who do not know how to accurately assess the risks associated with hedge funds. Hedge funds are mainly operating like mutual funds but not the managers. Oversight and low regulation allow them to not make public information on their profits and losses or investment strategies. Hedge funds rely a lot on volumes to achieve profits. Systemic risk became a major part of the debate since LTCM in 1998. Story of LTCM Background Long Term Capital Management - LTCM - was a hedge fund that was established in 1994 by John Meriwether who was a successful bond trader at Salomon Brothers. Meriwether was one of the first on Wall Street who hired professors and academics who applied models based on financial theories to trading. This team demonstrated an ability to precisely calculate risk and generated amazing returns (Goldberg, M., 2012). The partners of LTCM included a professor from Harvard University, Nobel Price-winning economists, a former vice president of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, and other successful bond traders. This group of traders and academics attracted about $1.3 billion from different institutional clients (Goldberg, M., 2012). Investors were not allowed to take any money out for three years and paid $10 million to get into the fund. Annual return in 1995 was 42.8% after management took 27% off the top in fees. In 1997 LTCM successfully hedged most of the risk from the Asian currency crisis by ... ...ge (Goldberg, 2012). Should the Fed have intervened? In order to save the U.S. banking system, the President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York William McDonough convinced 15 banks to bail out LTCM with $3.5 billion, in return for a 90% ownership of the fund. Also, the Fed started lowering the Fed funds rate as a assurance to investors that the Fed would do whatever it took to support the U.S. economy. Without that direct interference, the entire financial system was threatened with a collapse (Amadeo, 2012). However, the Fed brokered and intervened a better deal for the LTCM managers and shareholders. This was the precedent for the Federal Reserve's bailout role with AIG, Bear Stearns, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac during the financial crisis. Once financial companies realized that the Fed would bail them out, they were more willing to take risks (Amadeo, 2012).

Cement Kiln Shell Welding

Cleaned the weld chamfers free from rust preventive coating. * Welded erection irons (20 Nos) on both sides of the joint & pulled the sections together by draw bolt. * Adjusting irons are welded in between the erection irons where shell overlap was found. * Checked the alignment of the shell with Piano wire arrangement. * Gap of 3mm maintained in between the shell joint. * Strong backs will be welded on one shell after initial alignment. * Took polar readings on either side of the joint & both ends of the Shells * Plotted polar diagrams and checked the eccentricity. Tolerances : * Eccentricity (radial run out ) must not exceed * +/- 1. 0 mm of the inlet & outlet rings * +/- 1. 5mm of the erection welds. * +/-1. 4mm of kiln section in the live ring. Axial untruth of live ring must not exceed +/- 1mm * After completion of alignment, weld the strong backs to the other side. Welding of Joint : * Clean the joint surface. * Preheat the joint area of shell ( 1m lg ) to 150 deg * Welding ele ctrodes are to be preheated * Complete the root run on the outer surface of the joint side with 2. 5mm electrode. * Next with 4mm electrode & then 5mm & 6 mm electrodes. Gouge & remove the root run weld from the inner surface of the joint, check with Dye penetrant for any cracks and start the root run inside. * Complete the inside welding. * Check the joint by Ultrasonic testing. * Importance of Pre-heating: * Preheating slows the cooling rate in the weld area. This may be necessary to avoid cracking of the weld metal or heat affected zone.* Hydrogen contributes to delayed weld and /or heat affected zone cracking, hence it is important to keep the weld joint free of oil, rust, paint, and moisture as they are sources of hydrogen. * Electrodes used ( 1-2 joint) : FLS 9721 : E 7018 (3. 15mm ) Bottom runs * FLS 9721 : E 7018 (4. 00mm) * FLS 9721 : E 7018 (5mm) * FLS 9732 : E 6027 for Cover Run * E 7018 E 6027 * Yield stress : 410-480360-410 N/sq. mm * Tensile strength :510-590 440-490 N /sq. mm * Elongation : 28% 27 * Impact (Charpy V) * +20deg c – approx. 14090 * Electrodes used (other joints) : * FLS 9727 : E 9018 (3. 15mm ) * FLS 9727 : E 9018 (4. 00mm) * FLS 9727 : E 9018 (5mm) * FLS 9727: E 9018 ( 6mm) E 9018: Yield stress : 490-590 N/sq. mm Tensile strength : 640-740 N/sq. mm Elongation : 25% Impact (Charpy V) +20deg c – approx. 180

Reasons for Humanity to Go Back to the Moon

It has been  decades since the first astronauts walked on the lunar surface. Since then, nobody has set foot on our nearest neighbor in space. Sure, a fleet of probes have headed to the Moon, and they have supplied a lot of information about conditions there.   Is it time to send people to the Moon? The answer coming from the space community is a qualified yes. What that means is, there are missions on the planning boards, but also many questions about what people will do to get there and what theyll do once they set foot on the dusty surface. What Are the Obstacles? The last time people landed on the Moon was in 1972. Since then, a variety of political and economic reasons have kept space agencies from continuing those bold steps. However, the big issues are money, safety, and justifications. The most obvious reason that lunar missions arent happening as quickly as people would like is their cost. NASA spent billions of dollars during the 1960s and early 70s developing the Apollo missions. These happened at the height of the Cold War when the U.S. and the former Soviet Union were at odds politically but were not actively fighting each other in land wars. The expenses of trips to the Moon were tolerated by American people and Soviet citizens for the sake of patriotism and staying ahead of each other. Although there are many good reasons to go back to the Moon, its tough to get a political consensus on spending taxpayer money to do it. Safety Is Important The second reason hampering lunar exploration is the sheer danger of such an enterprise. Faced with the immense challenges that plagued NASA during the 1950s and 60s, it is no small wonder that anyone ever made it to the Moon. Several astronauts lost their lives during the Apollo program, and many technological setbacks took place along the way. However, long-term missions aboard the International Space Station show that humans can  live and work in space, and new developments in space launch and transport capabilities are promising safer ways to get to the Moon. Why Go? The third reason for a lack of lunar missions is that there needs to be a clear mission and goals.  While interesting and scientifically important experiments can always be done, people are also interested in return on investment. Thats particularly true for companies and institutions interested in making money from lunar mining, science research, and tourism. Its easier to send robot probes to do science, although its better to send people. With human missions come higher expenses in terms of life support and safety. With the advances of robotic space probes, a great amount of data can be gathered at a much lower cost and without endangering human life. The big-picture questions, like how did the solar system form, require much longer and more extensive trips than just a couple days on the Moon. Things Are Changing The good news is that attitudes toward lunar trips can and do change, and its likely that a human mission to the Moon will happen within a decade or less. Current NASA mission scenarios include trips to the lunar surface and also to an asteroid, although the asteroid trip may be of more interest to mining companies.   Traveling to the Moon will still be expensive. However, NASA mission planners feel that the benefits outweigh the cost. Even more important, the government foresees a good return on investment. Thats actually a very good argument. The Apollo missions required a significant initial investment. However, technology—weather satellite systems, global positioning systems (GPS), and advanced communication devices, among other advancements—created to support the lunar missions and subsequent planetary science missions are now in everyday use on Earth. New technologies aimed specifically at future lunar missions would also find their way into the worlds economies, spurring a good return on investment Expanding Lunar Interest Other countries are looking quite seriously at sending lunar missions, most specifically China and Japan.  The Chinese have been very clear about their intentions, and have good capability to carry out a long-term lunar mission. Their activities may well spur American and European agencies into a mini race to also build lunar bases. Lunar orbiting laboratories may make an excellent next step, no matter who builds and sends them.   The technology available now, and that to be developed during any concentrated missions to the Moon, would allow scientists to do much more detailed (and longer) studies of the Moons surface and sub-surface systems. Scientists would get the opportunity to answer some of the big questions about how our solar system was formed, or the details about how Moon was created and its geology. Lunar exploration would stimulate new avenues of study. People also expect that lunar tourism would be another way to maximize exploration.   Missions to Mars are also  hot news these days. Some scenarios see humans heading to the Red Planet within a few years, while others foresee Mars missions by the 2030s. Returning to the Moon is an important step in Mars mission planning. The hope is that people could spend time on the Moon to learn how to live in a forbidding environment. If something went wrong, rescue would be only a few days away, rather than months.   Finally, there are valuable resources on the Moon that can be used for other space missions. Liquid oxygen is a major component of the propellant needed for current space travel. NASA believes that this resource can be easily extracted from the Moon and stored at deposit sites for use by other missions — particularly by sending astronauts to Mars. Many other minerals exist, and even some water stores,  that can be mined as well. The Verdict Humans have always made an effort to understand the universe, and going to the Moon does seem to be the next logical step for many reasons. It will be interesting to see who starts up the next race to the Moon. Edited and revised by Carolyn Collins Petersen